Stratification in the Baltic Sea is increasing at a much faster rate than the global average, and marine heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense. At Baltic Breakfast, oceanographer Fabien Roquet and marine researcher Norman Göbeler explained how warming is reshaping the sea, and how the change is outpacing science.
A few of days ago, on our way south, we saw the first real sunset of the cruise. Shortly before midnight the sun touched the horizon and rose back up from the ice. It was a stunning view, but even more interesting was the atmosphere up on the bridge. People gathering and waiting for the sunset to come. It was really heartwarming to see how many people were eager to admire nature doing its course.
Onboard Oden, we are trying to understand how a changing climate is affecting the Arctic. To do that, scientists observe almost every part of the Arctic system: the atmosphere above us, the sea ice around us, the ocean beneath us, the seafloor and its sediments, and the organisms living both in the water and in the ice.
A large-scale, international and multidisciplinary research expedition is currently taking place at Tvären, a circular bay in the Baltic Sea near Studsvik in Södermanland, roughly 100 km south of Stockholm.
Five weeks into the expedition, the routines of life aboard Oden are well established, but there is still something new to learn every day. In these three diary entries, Linnea shares lessons from working alongside other research teams, insights into scientific collaboration, and a closer look at the instruments helping us observe the Arctic atmosphere in one of the world's most challenging environments.
We had our first sunset last night. Well, I think it set although it was hard to tell. According to online sun angle calculators the sun was entirely below the horizon, yet we continued to see what appeared to be a sliver of sun hovering above the horizon for what seemed like hours.
We just had an amazing blizzard, at least for Arctic standards. The snow was coming down, like one of those powder days back home in the Colorado mountains when you can’t wait to get up to the slopes to ski some light and fluffy turns.
There has been a fascinating transition happening in the past two days. The open, ocean water in between ice floes has started to freeze. This process begins with the formation of grease ice. It is clearly some sort of “solid” interface sitting on top of the water, although it is still quite flexible allowing waves to propagate through.
It’s been a couple of weeks since we reached the North Pole and now we are moving around the other side of the Arctic Ocean. Since we left from Svalbard we have lived in constant daylight, but lately we have been experiencing almost a day-night cycle. In the morning when we wake up, it’s very bright outside.
One of my main scientific interests in the Central Arctic is the interaction between the atmosphere and surface. Surface exchanges of heat, moisture, movement, gases, and particles are very important for the Arctic and the global systems.
Yesterday we saw a polar bear! It is actually not the first one we have come across, we also saw one a couple of days ago, but that one was so far away that it was hard to see it even with binoculars. But last night I got a call on my ship phone as I had just gone to bed, and Faustine told me that there was a polar bear close to the ship. I called Melissa, in the met team phone chain we had established in case there was a bear sighting – no one wants to miss that!
I’ve felt increasingly uneasy about the state of the Arctic system as we’ve travelled north, and then south after passing the North Pole. So much open water. Large stretches, and one after another. It made for smooth sailing, but it’s not a good sign for the ice. At the same time, apart from our first day in the ice, we’ve seen almost no open melt ponds (perhaps a better sign for the ice!).
