Geological Sciences provide scientific knowledge and an understanding of planet Earth as an evolving system and thus include a wide range of disciplines.
These involve studies of the planet’s composition, the dynamic processes from core to crust, the distribution and cycling of chemical elements, the planet’s history from its formation to the present day and the conditions and variations of the oceans and atmosphere. Geological Sciences include the study of the interactions over geologic time among the five major components of the Earth System – geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere.
